Critical pedagogy is an educational philosophy and social theory focused on empowering learners to critically analyze and challenge power structures, social inequalities, and oppressive systems embedded within educational institutions and wider society. It operates as both a research field investigating the political nature of education and a methodological approach centered on dialogue, critical consciousness (conscientization), and transformative praxis aimed at emancipation and social justice. Key characteristics include a focus on identifying and transforming relationships of domination and subordination within the classroom and curriculum, fostering critical thinking about the social world, and promoting action for social change. Its significance lies in its potential to cultivate active, critically aware citizens capable of contributing to a more just and equitable society.